Platinum nanoparticle catalysed coupling of phenol derivatives with 4-aminoantipyrine in aqueous medium |
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Authors: | Jayapalan Kasthuri Jayadevan Santhanalakshmi Nagappan Rajendiran |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, S.R.M. University, Chennai, 603 203, India;(2) Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600 025, India;(3) Department of Polymer Science, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600 025, India |
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Abstract: | The oxidative coupling of phenols with 4-aminoantipyrine (AmNH2) has been studied by UV–visible spectroscopy using platinum nanoparticles as catalyst. The rate of antipyrilquinoneimine
dye formation depends on the nature of substrates, temperature, pH, and the use of microheterogeneous media such as sodium
dodecylsulphate (SDS), cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and Triton X-100 (TX-100). The reactivity trend observed for
differently substituted phenols follows the order: 3,5-dimethylphenol > phenol > o-chlorophenol > o-nitrophenol. The rate of dye formation is greater at acid pH than at basic pH and the optimum pH is 5.4. A reaction pathway
is proposed, involving the activation of o-chlorophenol with AmNH2 by metal nanoparticles and concomitant reactions of free radicals. Transmission electron microscopy results show that the
particle size is 20 nm for the platinum nanoparticles involved in catalysis.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. |
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