Sonocatalysis of a sulfa drug using neodymium-doped lead selenide nanoparticles |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran;2. School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 712-749 Gyeongsan, South Korea;1. Manufacturing and Industrial Processes Research Division, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia;2. Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia;1. Inserm, U1032, Lyon, F-69003, France; Université de Lyon, Lyon, F-69003, France;2. LMFA, Centre Acoustique, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 69134 Ecully Cedex, France;1. Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science of the Ministry of Environmental Protection of China, Jiangwangmiaostr. 8, 210042 Nanjing, China;2. Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, I-10125 Torino, Italy;3. Institute for Technical Chemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Lessingstr. 12, D-07743 Jena, Germany |
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| Abstract: | Undoped and Nd-doped PbSe nanoparticles with different Nd contents were successfully synthesized using a simple hydrothermal method. The prepared nanoparticles were thoroughly characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques. Catalytic efficiency of undoped and Nd-doped PbSe samples was evaluated by monitoring the removal of sulfasalazine (SSZ) in aqueous solution under ultrasonic irradiations (sonocatalytic removal process). It was found that the presence of the K2S2O8 accelerated the sonocatalytic removal of SSZ, but the presence of NaF, Na2SO4, NaCl, and NaHCO3 obstructed it. The removal efficiency of 30.24% for PbSe and 86% for 12% Nd-doped PbSe was achieved at 90 min of reaction time, in the presence of peroxydisulfate. Also, the effect of operational parameters on the sonocatalytic removal efficiency and the dominant sonocatalytic removal mechanism were completely examined. It was found that removal of SSZ by sonocatalytic process was completed by the action of reactive oxygen species (ROS) rather than pyrolysis. An ecotoxicological test using an aquatic plant Lemna minor (L. minor) confirmed the negligible toxicity of the synthesized samples, which makes these nanoparticles appropriate for use as a sonocatalyst. |
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| Keywords: | Sonocatalysis Sonocatalyst Nanocatalyst PbSe nanomaterials Phytotoxicity Sulfa drugs |
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