Effects of aging and maternal protein restriction on the muscle fibers morphology and neuromuscular junctions of rats after nutritional recovery |
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| Institution: | 1. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências e Saúde, UNIOESTE, Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil;2. Centro de Ciências Médicas e Farmacêuticas, UNIOESTE, Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil;3. Departamento de Anatomia, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil;1. Federal University of Minas Gerais - Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil;2. University of Campinas - Campinas, SP, Brazil;3. INRIA - Saclay, Orsay, France;4. Federal University of Alagoas - Maceió, AL, Brazil;5. University of Ottawa - Ottawa, ON, Canada;1. Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil;2. Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil;3. Department of Biochemical, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil;4. Department of Structural Biology, Molecular and Genetics, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil;1. Molecular Immunogenetics Group, Department of Genetics, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil;2. Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil;3. Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil;4. Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, Disciplines of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil;1. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Biosciences Institute, UNESP – Univ Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil;2. Department of Tropical Diseases and Imaging Diagnosis, Botucatu School of Medicine, UNESP – Univ Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil;1. Department of Gastroenterology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil;2. Service of Clinical Laboratory, Hospital do Rim e Hipertensão, São Paulo, Brazil;3. Department of Pathology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil;4. Department of Nephrology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | Changes in the nutritional status of mothers may predispose their offspring to neuromuscular disorders in the long term. This study evaluated the effects of maternal protein restriction during pregnancy and lactation on the muscle fibers and neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) of the soleus muscle in the offspring of rats at 365 days of age that had undergone nutritional recovery. Wistar rats were divided into two groups: control (CG) – the offspring of mothers fed a normal protein diet (17%) and restricted (RG) – offspring of mothers fed a low protein diet (6%). After lactation, the male pups received standard chow ad libitum. At 365 days, samples of soleus muscle were collected for muscle fiber analysis (HE staining, NADH-TR reaction and ultrastructure), intramuscular collagen quantification (picrosirius red staining) and NMJs analysis (non-specific esterase technique). The cross-sectional area of type I fibers was reduced by 20% and type IIa fibers by 5% while type IIb fibers increased by 5% in the RG compared to the CG. The percentage of intramuscular collagen was 19% lower in the RG. Disorganization of the myofibrils and Z line was observed, with the presence of clusters of mitochondria in both groups. Regarding the NMJs, in the RG there was a reduction of 10% in the area and 17% in the small diameter and an increase of 7% in the large diameter. The results indicate that the effects of maternal protein restriction on muscle fibers and NMJs seem to be long-lasting and irreversible. |
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| Keywords: | Soleus muscle Fetal programming Nutrition Low protein diet |
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