Novel utilization of waste marine sponge (Demospongiae) as a catalyst in ultrasound-assisted transesterification of waste cooking oil |
| |
Institution: | 1. Centre of Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santa Adélia Street, 166, Bangu, Santo André, SP 09210-170, Brazil;2. Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of São Paulo, Talim Street, 330, São José dos Campos, SP 12231-280, Brazil;3. Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Alfenas, Rodovia José Aurélio Vilela, 11999, BR 267, Km 533, CEP 37715-400 Poços de Caldas, MG, Brazil;4. Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, UFMG, Pampulha, 31270901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil |
| |
Abstract: | This study demonstrates the potential of Na-silica waste sponge as a source of low cost catalyst in the transesterification of waste cooking oil aided by ultrasound. In this work an environmentally friendly and efficient transesterification process using Na-loaded SiO2 from waste sponge skeletons as a solid catalyst is presented. The results showed that the methyl esters content of 98.4 ± 0.4 wt.% was obtainable in less than an hour (h) of reaction time at 55 °C. Optimization of reaction parameters revealed that MeOH:oil, 9:1; catalyst, 3 wt.% and reaction duration of 30 min as optimum reaction conditions. The catalyst is able to tolerant free fatty acid and moisture content up to 6% and 8%, respectively. In addition, the catalyst can be reused for seven cycles while maintaining the methyl esters content at 86.3%. Ultrasound undoubtedly assisted in achieving this remarkable result in less than 1 h reaction time. For the kinetics study at 50–60 °C, a pseudo first order model was proposed, and the activation energy of the reaction is determined as 33.45 kJ/mol using Arrhenius equation. |
| |
Keywords: | Transesterification Heterogeneous catalyst Ultrasound Waste cooking oil Biodiesel |
本文献已被 ScienceDirect 等数据库收录! |
|