Steric and electronic contributions to conformational effects on chemical shifts of acyclic alcohols

Our calculations on bi- and polycyclic alcohols reveal that the Mulliken charge distribution and chemical shift patterns due to hyperconjugation of lone pairs on oxygen with neighboring groups break down or are attenuated for certain spatial relationships of the hydroxyl group. Since in strained ring systems other effects on these parameters may be present, we applied a similar analysis to acyclic alcohols. Calculations at the B3LYP/6-31G^* level on conformers of methanol, ethanol, 1- and 2-propanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, 2-methyl-2-propanol, 2-butanol, 2-methyl-2-butanol, 1- 2- and 3-pentanol and 2-methyl-3-pentanol, where hyperconjugation may be present, reveal steric effects as modifiers of hyperconjugative patterns affecting carbon-13 chemical shifts in such alcohols. Contrary to what is observed in bi- and policyclic systems, where electrostatic effects interfere with effects due to hyperconjugation, these steric effects may be the main cause for the attenuation of deshielding of nuclei that are subject to hyperconjugation. Electrostatic effects are also present but they do not interfere with hyperconjugation by lone pairs. Conformational effects fall off sharply after the third carbon in the chain.