受石油污染的农田土和湿地土的偏振光谱特征对比

遥感技术依据传感器所接收到的探测目标所反射或主动向外发射的电磁波特征进行地表物体的识别和研究，是一种重要的对地观测手段，其中光学遥感和热红外遥感是常用的遥感技术手段。偏振是一种常见的光学现象，在商业和科技领域有着广泛应用。经过数十年的发展，偏振光遥感已成为近年来受到广泛关注和应用的对地观测手段。传统的光学遥感依赖光强信息对地物进行探测和识别，所得的地物识别和信息提取结果往往不够全面，而利用偏振光信息可以弥补传统光学遥感方法的不足之处，人们可以从地物的偏振信息中得到其更重要的性质和特征。土壤是一种复杂的自然地理综合体，在生态系统中发挥着重要作用，因此土壤遥感能够在环境监测和污染治理方面发挥重要作用。在实验室条件下，洁净干燥土壤本身的光谱反射率没有明显的吸收谷和反射峰，而在自然条件下土壤的光谱特性与含水量、表面粗糙程度和有机质含量等因素有关。近年来许多研究发现，石油对土壤偏振光谱特性的影响十分显著，尤其在可见光-近红外波段，石油的偏振光谱响应十分明显，因此可以利用该现象并运用遥感技术大范围多时相地探测地表被石油污染的情况。许多研究发现石油的浓度和种类等因素能够影响土壤的偏振光谱特征，进一步地，可以猜想石油对不同类型的土壤可能会有不同的探测影响效果。故在吉林油田的镇赉石油厂实地采集受到石油污染的农田土和湿地土，通过多角度偏振光谱测量并结合定性和定量的分析对比两种土壤样本的偏振光谱特征，分析石油对两种土壤类型的影响。实验结果表明，因含水量和土壤结构的差异，以及土壤颗粒间石油成分的存在使得两种土壤样本的偏振光谱特征有着显著差异，并且导致了二者偏振反射率的实验测量值与运用理论模型计算出的预测值存在明显的偏移。

Comparison of Polarized Spectral Characteristics Between Petroleum-Polluted Cropland Soil and Wetland Soil

Remote Sensing Technology is an important and useful method to monitor the Earth’s surface by receiving the electromagnetic waves reflected or radiated from the targets, and optical and thermal remote sensing is the most common remote sensing methods. Polarization is a ubiquitous optical phenomenon which has commercial and technological applications.After decades of development, polarization remote sensing has become a widely applied technology in Earth observation. Depending on intensity information, traditional optical remote sensing has many disadvantages on target identification and information extraction, but it could be modified by appending polarization information to it, so that, the features and characteristics of the targets could be obtained from polarization information. Soil is a complex substance that plays an important role in the ecosystem. Hence itself is helpful to apply remote sensing on the soil to monitor the environment and treat pollution. Ideally, the soil do not obviously reflect or absorb electromagnetic waves in any range of wavelength, while the moisture, organic matters and roughness usually influences the spectrum characteristic of soil.According to recent studies, it is significant that petroleum an influences the polarized spectrum characteristics of the soil. Especially in the red and infrared spectral regions, the spectral response of petroleum is so pretty obvious, that the pollution on the Earth’s surface could be detected by remote sensing of a wide range and multiple periods.In addition, it is reasonable for us to assume thatthe influence on viewing effect of petroleum might vary in different soil types. In this paper, the petroleum-polluted soils were respectively sampled from a wetland and a cropland in Zhenlai Petroleum Factory, located in Jilin Petroleum Field. By multiangle measurement, we managed to compare the polarized spectrum characteristics of each kind of soil sample and analyze the influences on themwith quantitative and qualitative methods. The results suggest it is obvious the polarized spectrum characteristics of wetland soil differ from another one, because of the difference in moisture and structure, together with the existence of petroleum, for which the measured polarized reflectance value has a significant shift from the predicted polarized reflectance value.