拉曼光谱在油气地质应用中的研究进展

拉曼光谱具有简单、快速、原位、微区、无损、高分辨率和高灵敏度等优点，可以分析物质的成分与分子结构信息，是开展地质研究的有力工具。通过回顾近年来拉曼光谱的研究进展，结合实际的油气地质研究工作及分析测试经验，对拉曼光谱在油气地质研究中的应用进行总结，并讨论现阶段应用过程中存在问题及未来的发展方向。拉曼光谱在油气地质中的应用主要分为三个方面：（1）矿物与流体包裹体分析，可以确定成岩-成藏流体类型及组成、成岩-成藏作用过程，包括岩矿鉴定、流体包裹体中流体体系分析、水-岩相互作用过程研究、地质样品同位素研究等；（2）不同类型有机质成熟度分析，可以用于恢复热史、油气成藏期次约束；（3）流体包裹体压力恢复，可以研究油气藏的形成与演化过程。主要方式为利用流体包裹体中气体的拉曼特征峰位移变化量、气体溶解度恢复流体包裹体内压及捕获压力。在实际油气地质研究中，多种因素制约拉曼光谱的定量/半定量应用，主要包括：地质样品复杂性与特殊性、样品处理方式、拉曼测试参数与测试环境、拉曼光谱数据处理与分析方式。拉曼光谱分析测试流程标准化、挑选和制备校准标样；拉曼光谱与冷热台、水热金刚石压腔（HDAC）、高压可视反应腔（HPOC）、扫描电镜（SEM）、电子探针（EPMA）等仪器联用，开展复杂体系原位、实时、不同温压条件下测试，是进一步将拉曼光谱应用到油气地质中的研究方向。

Research Progress in the Application of Raman Spectroscopy in Petroleum Geology

Raman spectroscopy has the advantages of being simple, rapid, in-situ, micro-zone, non-destructive, high resolution and high sensitivity, can be used to analyze the composition and molecular structure information of substances and is a powerful tool for geological research. By reviewing the research progress of Raman spectroscopy in recent years, the application of Raman spectroscopy in petroleum geology research is summarized based on the practical oil and gas geology research, analysis and testing experience, then the existing problems in the application process and the future development direction is discussed. Raman spectroscopy application in petroleum geology is mainly divided into three aspects: (1) the mineral and fluid inclusion analysis, which can determine the type and composition of diagenetic fluid and hydrocarbon, diagenesis and hydrocarbon accumulation process, including rock and mineral identification, analysis of the fluid system in fluid inclusions, water and rock interaction process, isotope study of geological samples, etc.; (2) Different types of organic matter analysis can be used to reconstruct thermal history and constrain the stages of hydrocarbon accumulation; (3) Fluid inclusion pressure recovery can be used to study the formation and evolution process of oil and gas reservoirs. The main way to recover fluid inclusions and trapping pressure is using the displacement variation of gas Raman characteristic peak and gas solubility. In practical petroleum geology research, the quantitative and semi-quantitative application of Raman spectroscopy is restricted by many factors, including the complexity and particularity of geological samples, sample processing methods, Raman testing parameters and testing environment Raman spectrum data processing and analysis methods. Standardization of Raman spectrum testing and analysis process, selection and preparation of calibration samples Combining Raman spectroscopy with heating-freezing stage, hydrothermal diamond-anvil cell (HDAC), high-pressure optical cell (HPOC), scanning electron microscope (SEM), electron probe (EPMA) and other instruments to carry out in-situ. Real-time and different temperature and pressure testing of complex systems is the research direction for further application of Raman spectroscopy in petroleum geology.