Development of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction to Produce Skin-Whitening and Anti-Wrinkle Substances from Safflower Seed |
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Authors: | Suh-Hee Yeom Da-Hye Gam Jun-Hee Kim Jin-Woo Kim |
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Institution: | 1.Department of Food Science, Sun Moon University, Natural Science 118, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si 336-708, Korea; (S.-H.Y.); (D.-H.G.); (J.-H.K.);2.FlexPro Biotechnology, Natural Science 128, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si 336-708, Korea |
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Abstract: | In this study, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was applied to extract bioactive substances with skin-whitening, anti-wrinkle, and antioxidant effects from safflower seeds, and the extraction conditions were optimized by a central composite design. The independent variables, including extraction time (5.0~55.0 min), extraction temperature (26.0~94.0 °C), and ethanol concentration (0.0~100%), were optimized to increase tyrosinase activity inhibitory (TAI), collagenase activity inhibitory (CAI), and radical scavenging activity (RSA), which are indicators of skin-whitening, anti-wrinkle, and antioxidant effects. An extraction time of 26.4 min, extraction temperature of 52.1 °C, and ethanol concentration of 50.7% were found to be optimum conditions of UAE, under which TAI, CAI, and RSA were 53.3%, 91.5%, and 27.7%, respectively. The extract produced by UAE was analyzed by LC-MS/MS, and maleic acid and levulinic acid were identified as the main substances. Therefore, UAE is evaluated as an effective process to extract skin-whitening, anti-wrinkle, and antioxidant substances from safflower seeds at lower temperatures and shorter extraction times compared to the conventional extraction methods. Overall, safflower seeds extract can be used as a material for value-added cosmetics, including maleic acid and levulinic acid, which have bioactive functions. |
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Keywords: | safflower seed skin-whitening anti-wrinkle maleic acid levulinic acid ultrasound-assisted extraction optimization |
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