以N-杂环卡宾为配体的金属络合物催化有机合成的反应

综述了近几年来以N-杂环卡宾为配体的金属络合物催化有机合成的反应。

Organic transformations catalyzed by N-heterocyclic carbene-metal complexes

Reactions catalyzed by N heterocyclic carbene metal complexes, such as olefin metathesis, coupling reaction, hydrosilylation reaction, etc . were reviewed. Ruthenium (II) complexes bearing one or two imidazolin 2 ylidene ligands are highly active catalysts for all types of ring closing metathesis reactions. Importantly, they even allow the formation of tetrasubstituted alkenes that were not previously achieved by ruthenium phosphine metathesis catalysts. In addition, functionalized olefins were synthesized by intermolecular cross metathesis and ring closing metathesis. Palladium(0) complexes of imidazolin 2 ylidenes (19) could not catalyze the coupling of p chlorotoluene and phenylboronic acid. However, a system consists of a Pd(0) precursor and dihydroimidazoline carbene ligand, which is generated in situ , showed high activity for Suzuki cross coupling reaction of aryl chlorides with arylboronic acids, Kumada cross coupling reaction of aryl chlorides with aryl Grignard reagents and amination of aryl chlorides. Complexes of the (NHC)Pd(PR 3)I 2 type with bulky N heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) are efficient catalysts for the Suzuki and Stille cross coupling reactions, etc . Imidazolidin 2 ylidene derivatives of rhodium(I) and ruthenium(II) catalyze the carbon carbon coupling of terminal alkynes, the cyclopropanation reactions of diazoalkane derivatives with styrene, hydrosilylation of alkenes, alkynes, ketones and hydrogenation of olefins.