Third-Person Internalism: A Critical Examination of Externalism and a Foundation-Oriented Alternative |
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Authors: | Gerhard Schurz |
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Institution: | (1) Philosophy Department, University of Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstrasse 1, Geb. 23.21, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany |
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Abstract: | This paper starts with an examination of the major problems of foundation-oriented epistemology in Sect. 2. Then, in Sects.
3–4, it is argued that the externalistic re-definition of knowledge deprives this concept from useful applications to human’s epistemic practice. From the viewpoint of cultural
evolution, the condition of justification is the most important ingredient of knowledge. An alternative foundation-oriented conception of knowledge called third-person internalism is developed in Sect. 2 and Sect. 5. It combines insights of externalism with the requirement of second-order justification. The application of third-person internalism to
contextualistic positions leads to an important constraint on contextualism (Sect. 6). The final section (Sect. 7) sketches new prospects for a foundation-oriented
epistemology which are based on epistemic optimality arguments. |
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Keywords: | Internalism Externalism Third-person internalism Meliorative epistemology Epistemic optimality |
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