云南楚雄小百草岭鸟类多样性空间格局

【目的】探究云南楚雄小百草岭地区鸟类空间分布格局的特征，分析不同生境及海拔段鸟类多样性差异，为该地区鸟类资源保护措施的制定提供基础资料。【方法】采用样线法对云南省楚雄州小百草岭地区鸟类资源开展了一个完整年度的调查研究，通过计算各生境和海拔段的鸟类多样性指数，进行空间分布格局分析。【结果】在小百草岭地区共记录到鸟类122种，隶属10目43科，包括国家Ⅱ级重点保护鸟类17种。其中，留鸟110种(占90.16%),夏候鸟5种(占4.10%),冬候鸟6种(占4.92%),旅鸟1种(占0.82%)。在115种繁殖鸟类(留鸟和夏候鸟)中，以东洋界物种为主(占50.43%)。季节变化中，鸟类物种丰富度指数由大到小依次为夏季(112)、春季(104)、秋季(79)、冬季(76)。春季鸟类科-属多样性指数最高(0.772),冬季最低(0.662);小百草岭3种生境中，林地的鸟类物种丰富度(117)和科-属多样性指数(0.739)均最高，耕地的鸟类物种丰富度(48)和科-属多样性指数(0.549)最低。鸟类物种丰富度在≥2 100～2 600 m的中海拔地区最高，物种丰富度垂直分布格局为峰值位于中海拔的单...

Bird diversity spatial distribution patterns of Xiaobaicaoling Mountain in Chuxiong,Yunnan Province

【Objective】 This study analyzed differences in bird diversity among habitats and elevations, explored the characteristics of birds’ spatial distribution in the Xiaobaicaoling Mountain area, and provided basic information for the bird resource development and protection measures in this area.【Method】 A complete annual investigation was carried out by line transect method on bird resources in Xiaobaicaoling Mountain, Yunnan Province. The spatial distribution was analyzed by calculating the birds diversity index of each habitat and altitude sections.【Result】 In total, 122 species of bird belonging to 43 families and 10 orders were recorded, of which 17 species were listed as National Ⅱ Protected Animals. There were 110 residents (90.16%), 5 summer visitors (4.10%), 6 winter visitors (4.92%) and 1 passage migrant (0.82%). Among the 115 species of breeding birds (residents and summer visitors), Oriental elements, accounting for 50.43%, were the most common species. Bird richness was highest in summer (112 species), followed by spring (104), autumn (79) and winter (76). The highest G-F index occurred in spring (0.772), and the lowest G-F index occurred winter (0.662). In terms of 3 habitat types, the forest had the highest bird richness (117 species) and the highest G-F index (0.739), while the farmland had the lowest bird richness index (48 species) and lowest G-F index (0.549). Species richness of birds peaked between ≥ 2 100~2 600 m elevation, showing a mid-elevational peak pattern.【Conclusion】 The distribution of birds at a vertical altitude and their preferences for a habitat selection reflect their comprehensive demand for various environmental factors. The forest land with high spatial heterogeneity attracts a large number of birds because of its abundant food resources and concealment conditions. However, due to the influence of the altitude, it is not that the wider the forest area, the higher the diversity of birds. To better protect bird resources, the follow-up studies should combine the time factor to explore spatial and temporal patterns of bird distribution and the most relevant environmental factors.