Molecular packing tunes the activity of Kluyveromyces lactis beta-galactosidase incorporated in Langmuir-Blodgett films

Functional consequences of constraining beta-Gal in bidimensional space were studied at defined molecular packing densities and constant topology. Langmuir-Blodgett films, LB15 and LB35 composed of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine and K. lactis beta-Gal, were obtained by transferring Langmuir films (L) initially packed at 15 and 35 mN/m, respectively, to alkylated glasses. The beta-Gal-monolayer binding equilibrium, mainly the adsorption rate and affinity, depended on the initial monolayer's surface pressure (lower for higher pi i). At pi i = 15 and 35 mN/m, the surface excess (Gamma) followed downward parabolic and power-law tendencies, respectively, as a function of subphase protein concentration. Gamma values in L roughly reflected the protein surface density chemically determined in LBs (0-7.5 ng/mm2 at pi i = 0-35 mN/m and beta-Gal] subphase = 0-100 microg/mL). The beta-Gal-catalyzed hydrolysis of o-nitrophenyl-galactopyranoside showed a Michaelian kinetics in solution as well as in LB15. KM, KM,LB15, Vmax, and Vmax,LB15 were 5.15 +/- 2.2 and 9.25 +/- 6 mM and 39.63 and 0.0096 +/- 0.0027 micromol/min/mg protein, respectively. The sigmoidal kinetics observed with LB35 was evaluated by Hill's model (K0.5 = 9.55 +/- 0.4 mM, Vmax,35 = 0.0021 micromol/min/mg protein, Hill coefficient n = 9) and Savageau's fractal model (fractal constant K f = 9.84 mM; reaction order for the substrate gs = 9.06 and for the enzyme ge = 0.62). Fractal reaction orders would reflect the fractal organization of the environment, demonstrated by AFM images, more than the molecularity of the reaction. Particular dynamics of the protein-lipid structural coupling in each molecular packing condition would have led to the different kinetic responses.