Dynamics of drag and force distributions for projectile impact in a granular medium |
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Authors: | Pica Ciamarra Massimo Lara Antonio H Lee Andrew T Goldman Daniel I Vishik Inna Swinney Harry L |
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Institution: | Center for Nonlinear Dynamics and Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA. picacia@na.infn.it |
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Abstract: | Our experiments and molecular dynamics simulations on a projectile penetrating a two-dimensional granular medium reveal that the mean deceleration of the projectile is constant and proportional to the impact velocity. Thus, the time taken for a projectile to decelerate to a stop is independent of its impact velocity. The simulations show that the probability distribution function of forces on grains is time independent during a projectile's deceleration in the medium. At all times the force distribution function decreases exponentially for large forces. |
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