A far-red fluorescent probe for selective G-quadruplex DNA targeting |
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Authors: | Feng Zhang Gan Li Fang-Lei Lv Guang-Bin Jiang Han-Xiang Wang Ming-Qi Wang Shuo Li |
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Affiliation: | 1. School of Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, PR China;2. China University of Petroleum, Shandong, Qingdao 266580, PR China;3. School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China;4. Shengli Oil Field Petroleum Engineering Technology Research Institute, Shandong, Dongying 257000, PR China |
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Abstract: | The development of rapid and simple approaches for detection of G-quadruplex DNA structures has attracted significant attention to disclose their diverse physiological and pathological functions. Thiazole orange (TO) is a common fluorescence probe used for the detection of G-quadruplexes. However, it still suffers from some common problems like non-selective for G-quadruplex and emission in the lower wavelength region of spectrum, thus hampering its further applications. Probes with turn-on fluorescence in the far-red region are highly sought-after due to minimal auto-fluorescence and cellular damage. In this paper, we described a far-red fluorescent probe (L-1) by introducing an amine group into styrylquinolinium scaffold. The experimental results indicated that L-1 exhibited significant fluorescence enhancement when treated with G-quadruplexes but retained weak fluorescence in the presence of duplex DNAs. In addition, this probe also displayed higher binding affinity for parallel G-quadruplexes. The characteristics of L-1 were further investigated with UV–vis spectrophotometry, fluorescence, circular dichroism, KI quenching, FID assay and molecular docking to validate optical photophysical properties, as well as the selectivity, sensitivity and detailed binding mode toward G-quadruplex DNAs. |
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Keywords: | G-quadruplex Far-red Fluorescent probe Styrylquinolinium scaffold |
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