超级铝热剂Al/Fe2O3的制备、表征及对环三亚甲基三硝胺热分解的影响

采用水热法制备了中空短棒状纳米Fe2O3,并用超声分散法将其与纳米Al颗粒复合为单金属氧化基超级铝热剂.利用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱、扫描电镜及能量散射光谱仪(SEM-EDS)对样品进行表征.并运用差示扫描量热法(DSC)对比研究了超级铝热剂Al/Fe2O3、Al粉和纳米Fe2O3对环三亚甲基三硝胺(RDX)热分解特性的影响.结果表明:超级铝热剂的加入改变了RDX的热分解过程,并加剧了RDX的二次气相反应;随着超级铝热剂含量的增加,RDX的分解峰峰形发生了明显的改变;Al/Fe2O3、Al粉和Fe2O3对RDX热分解的作用主要表现为二次分解峰逐渐明显且峰温降低.

Preparation and Characterization of Superthermite Al/Fe2O3 and Its Effect on Thermal Decomposition of Cyclotrimethylene Trinitramine

Hollow Fe₂O₃ nanorods were prepared using a hydrothermal method, and were then combined with Al nanoparticles to form superthermite Al/Fe₂O₃ by ultrasonic mixing. Fe₂O₃ and Al/Fe₂O₃ were characterized using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The effects of Al/Fe₂O₃, Al, and nano-Fe₂O₃ powders on the thermal decomposition of cyclotrimethylene trinitramine (RDX) were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results show that the superthermite Al/Fe₂O₃ affects the thermal decomposition of RDX and greatly enhances its secondary gas-phase reaction. The shapes of the main RDX decomposition peaks changed with increasing superthermite content. The main influences of superthermite Al/Fe₂O₃, Al nanopowders, and Fe₂O₃ nanorods on the thermal decomposition of RDX are that the secondary decomposition peaks become distinct and the peak temperature decreases.