Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for space exploration applications: Influence of the ambient pressure on the calibration curves prepared from soil and clay samples |
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| Institution: | 1. California Institute of Technology, Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, Pasadena, CA, USA;2. Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, CNRS, UMR 5277, Toulouse, France;3. Université de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, Toulouse, France;4. CELIA - Université de Bordeaux UMR 5107, Talence, France;5. DEN-Service d''Etudes Analytiques et de Réactivité des Surfaces (SEARS), CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France;6. GeoRessources, CNRS, UMR 7359, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France;7. Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA;8. Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;1. Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Syiah Kuala University, Darussalam, Banda Aceh, 23111, Aceh, Indonesia;2. Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Pelita Harapan, 1100 M.H. Thamrin Boulevard, Lippo Village, Tangerang 15811, Indonesia.;3. Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Pelita Harapan, 1100 M.H. Thamrin Boulevard, Lippo Village, Tangerang 15811, Indonesia.;4. Department of Computer Engineering, Bina Nusantara University, 9 K.H. Syahdan, Jakarta 14810, Indonesia;5. Research Center for Physics, Indonesia Institute of Sciences, Kawasan PUSPIPTEK, Serpong, Tangerang Selatan 15314, Indonesia;6. Research Center of Maju Makmur Mandiri Foundation, 40/80 Srengseng Raya, Jakarta 11630, Indonesia;7. Fukui Science Education Academy, Takagi Chuou 2 choume, Fukui 910-0804, , Japan;8. Physics of Magnetism and Photonics Group, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bandung Institute of Technology, 10 Ganesha, Bandung 40132, Indonesia;1. J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic;2. Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina F2, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia;3. Laboratoire interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR CNRS 6303, Université de Bourgogne, BP 47 870, F-21078 Dijon Cedex, France |
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| Abstract: | Recently, there has been an increasing interest in the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technique for stand-off detection of geological samples for use on landers and rovers to Mars, and for other space applications. For space missions, LIBS analysis capabilities must be investigated and instrumental development is required to take into account constraints such as size, weight, power and the effect of environmental atmosphere (pressure and ambient gas) on flight instrument performance. In this paper, we study the in-situ LIBS method at reduced pressure (7 Torr CO2 to simulate the Martian atmosphere) and near vacuum (50 mTorr in air to begin to simulate the Moon or asteroids' pressure) as well as at atmospheric pressure in air (for Earth conditions and comparison). Here in-situ corresponds to distances on the order of 150 mm in contrast to stand-off analysis at distance of many meters. We show the influence of the ambient pressure on the calibration curves prepared from certified soil and clay pellets. In order to detect simultaneously all the elements commonly observed in terrestrial soils, we used an Echelle spectrograph. The results are discussed in terms of calibration curves, measurement precision, plasma light collection system efficiency and matrix effects. |
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