Laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–dynamic reaction cell–mass spectrometry for the multi-element analysis of polymers |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230061, PR China;2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China;3. Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China;1. Universidade Federal Fluminense-Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Instituto de Química, Outeiro de São João Batista, s/n, 24020-141 Centro Niterói, RJ, Brazil;2. Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Escola Politécnica de Saúde Joaquim Venâncio––Av. Brasil, 4365 Manguinhos, CEP 21040-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil;1. State Key Lab of Power Systems, International Joint Laboratory on Low Carbon Clean Energy Innovation, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;2. Shanxi Research Institute for Clean Energy, Tsinghua University, Taiyuan 030032, China;3. Graduate Department, China People’s Police University, Langfang 065000, China;4. School of Criminal Investigation, China People’s Police University, Langfang 065000, China;5. School of Fire Protection Engineering, China People’s Police University, Langfang 065000, China;6. School of Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Queen''s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5BN, UK |
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| Abstract: | In this work, the potential of laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry for the fast analysis of polymers has been explored. Different real-life samples (polyethylene shopping bags, an acrylonitrile butadiene styrene material and various plastic bricks) as well as several reference materials (VDA 001 to 004, Cd in polyethylene) have been selected for the study. Two polyethylene reference materials (ERM-EC 680 and 681), for which a reference or indicative value for the most relevant metals is available, have proved their suitability as standards for calibration.Special attention has been paid to the difficulties expected for the determination of Cr at the μg g− 1 level in this kind of materials, due to the interference of ArC+ ions on the most abundant isotopes of Cr. The use of ammonia as a reaction gas in a dynamic reaction cell is shown to alleviate this problem, resulting in a limit of detection of 0.15 μg g− 1 for this element, while limiting only modestly the possibilities of the technique for simultaneous multi-element analysis. In this regard, As is the analyte most seriously affected by the use of ammonia, and its determination has to be carried out in vented mode, at the expense of measuring time.In all cases studied, accurate results could be obtained for elements ranging in content from the sub-μg g− 1 level to tens of thousands of μg g− 1. However, the use of an element of known concentration as internal standard may be needed for materials with a matrix significantly different from that of the standard (polyethylene in this work).Precision ranged between 5% and 10% RSD for elements found at the 10 μg g− 1 level or higher, while this value could deteriorate to 20% for analytes found at the sub-μg g− 1 level. Overall, the technique evaluated presents many advantages for the fast and accurate multi-element analysis of these materials, avoiding laborious digestion procedures and minimizing the risk of analyte losses due to the formation of volatile compounds. |
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