Linearization of calibration curves by aerosol carrier effect of CCl4 vapor in electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry |
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| Institution: | 1. L. Eötvös University, Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, 1518 Budapest, P.O. Box 32, Hungary;2. Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands;1. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlá?ská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic;2. Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic;3. Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlá?ská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic;4. Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technická 3058/10, 616 00 Brno, Czech Republic;1. Faculty of Pharmacy, Analytical Chemistry Department, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, 35100, Turkey;2. Biotechnology Department, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, 35100, Turkey;1. Group of Applied Instrumental Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luiz, Km 235, Caixa Postal 676, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil;2. Embrapa Pecuaria Sudeste, Rodovia Washington Luiz, km 234, CP 339, 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil;1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;2. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China |
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| Abstract: | Carbon tetrachloride vapor as gaseous phase modifier in a graphite furnace electrothermal vaporizer (GFETV) converts heavy volatile analyte forms to volatile and medium volatile chlorides and produces aerosol carrier effect, the latter being a less generally recognized benefit. However, the possible increase of polyatomic interferences in inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (GFETV–ICP-MS) by chlorine and carbon containing species due to CCl4 vapor introduction has been discouraging with the use of low resolution, quadrupole type MS equipment. Being aware of this possible handicap, it was aimed at to investigate the feasibility of the use of this halogenating agent in ICP-MS with regard of possible hazards to the instrument, and also to explore the advantages under these specific conditions. With sample gas flow (inner gas flow) rate not higher than 900 ml min?1 Ar in the torch and 3 ml min?1 CCl4 vapor flow rate in the furnace, the long-term stability of the instrument was ensured and the following benefits by the halocarbon were observed. The non-linearity error (defined in the text) of the calibration curves (signal versus mass functions) with matrix-free solution standards was 30–70% without, and 1–5% with CCl4 vapor introduction, respectively, at 1 ng mass of Cu, Fe, Mn and Pb analytes. The sensitivity for these elements increased by 2–4-fold with chlorination, while the relative standard deviation (RSD) was essentially the same (2–5%) for the two cases in comparison. A vaporization temperature of 2650 °C was required for Cr in Ar atmosphere, while 2200 °C was sufficient in Ar + CCl4 atmosphere to attain complete vaporization. Improvements in linear response and sensitivity were the highest for this least volatile element. The pyrolytic graphite layer inside the graphite tube was protected by the halocarbon, and tube life time was further increased by using traces of hydrocarbon vapor in the external sheath gas of the graphite furnace. Details of the modification of the gas supply for HGA-600MS furnace and the design of the volatilization device are described. |
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