The development of a method for the determination of trace elements in fuel alcohol by electrothermal vaporization–inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry using external calibration |
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| Institution: | 1. Kaunas University of Technology, Research Centre for Microsystems and Nanotechnology, Studentu 65, 51369 Kaunas, Lithuania;2. Vilnius University, Institute of Biochemistry, Mokslinink? 12, 08662 Vilnius, Lithuania;3. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Sauletekio al. 11, LT-10223 Vilnius, Lithuania;4. Nature Research Centre, Akademijos 2, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania;5. V. Ye. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Prospekt Nauky, 41, Kyiv 03028, Ukraine;1. Facultad de Matemática, Astronomía, Física y Computación (FaMAF), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, IFEG, CONICET, Medina Allende s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina;2. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, INFIQC, CONICET, Haya de la Torre s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina;3. DiQuiMMAI, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Buenos Aires, INTECIN, CONICET, Av. Paseo Colón 850, Buenos Aires, Argentina;1. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China;2. College of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, PR China;3. State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, PR China |
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| Abstract: | A method for the determination of Ag, As, Cd, Cu, Co, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sn and Tl in fuel alcohol by electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry is proposed. The determinations were carried out by external calibration against ethanolic solutions, without a chemical modifier, employing the following pyrolysis and vaporization temperatures: 400 °C and 2300 °C for the more volatile analytes and 1000 °C and 2500 °C for the less volatile analytes. The determination of As, Cd, Pb, Sn and Tl was additionally carried out using Pd as modifier at 800 °C pyrolysis and 2400 °C vaporization temperatures. The temperatures were optimized through pyrolysis and vaporization curves. Seven common fuel ethanol, one fuel ethanol with additive and one anhydrous fuel ethanol sample have been analyzed. The measured concentrations were at the μg L?1 level or lower. Since there is no certified reference material for fuel ethanol, the accuracy of the method was checked by the recovery test, with recoveries from 75% to 124%. The limits of detection (LODs), in μg L?1, and the relative standard deviations for 5 replicates were, for the elements in the conditions without modifier: Ag: 0.015 and 9.1%, Co: 0.002 and 10%, Cu: 0.22 and 6.6%, Fe: 0.72 and 4.3%, Mn: 0.025 and 12%, Ni: 0.026 and 9.3%, and for the elements with Pd: As: 0.02 and 2.9%, Cd: 0.07 and 25%, Pb: 0.02 and 3.1%, Sn: 0.010 and 6.0%, Tl: 0.0008 and 2.5%. Electrothermal vaporization avoids the loading of the plasma with organics, allowing the analysis of fuel ethanol by ICP-MS with good accuracy and reasonable precision. |
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