Recent advances in photoelectrochemical sensors for detection of ions in water |
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| Institution: | 1. Intelligent Fiber Sensing Technology of Chongqing Municipal Engineering Research Center of Institutions of Higher Education, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Modern Photoelectric Detection Technology and Instrument, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Fiber Optic Sensor and Photodetector, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China;2. Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85271-5701, United States;3. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China;4. Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China;1. Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, Gansu Province, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;2. Key Laboratory of Pollutant Chemistry and Environmental Treatment, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Yili Normal University, Yining 835000, China;1. College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, China;2. College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China;1. Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi''an 710061, China;2. Center of Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi''an 710061, China;3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;4. Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi''an Jiaotong University, Xi''an 710049, China |
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| Abstract: | Over the last 50 years, the explosive adoption of modern agricultural practices has led to an enormous increase in the emission of non-biodegradable and highly biotoxic ions into the hydrosphere. Excess intake of such ions, even essential trace elements such as Cu2+ and F?, can have serious consequences on human health. Therefore, to ensure safe drinking water and regulate wastewater discharge, photoelectrochemical (PEC) online sensors were developed, with advantages such as low energy consumption, inherent miniaturization, simple instrumentation, and fast response. However, there is no publicly available systematic review of the recent advances in PEC ion sensors available in the literature since January 2017. Thus, this review covers the various strategies that have been used to enhance the sensitivity, selectivity, and limit of detection for PEC ion sensors. The photoelectrochemically active materials, conductive substrates, electronic transfer, and performance of various PEC sensors are discussed in detail and divided into sections based on the measurement principle and detected ion species. We conclude this review by highlighting the challenges and potential future avenues of research associated with the development of novel high-performance PEC sensors. |
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