基于动力学方法曲面恒切向数控车削刀架设计

在简要介绍曲面恒切向数控车削技术的基础上，着重说明曲面恒切向数控车削刀架的设计技术，主要阐述其结构、动力学、控制系统、精度的设计方法。根据刀架的设计载荷，运用动力学方法对刀架进行设计。分析认为，刀架的回转精度和位置精度对曲面加工精度有较大的影响，因此通过合理选用高精度轴承和采用位置环与速度环的双闭环控制方式，利用高分辨率、高精度的圆光栅作为位置检阅原件，以确保把这两项精度指标控制在合理的范围内。同时从刀架的机械传动精度角度给出了提高系统稳定性的途径。利用控制系统的多轴联动控制功能，使该刀架与数控车床X、Z轴实现三轴联动，则可实现曲面恒切向车削，以消除刀具刀尖形状误差对曲面加工精度的影响。

Design of constantly tangential precision NC turning tool carrier based on mechanical kinetics

Based on the brief introduction of constantly tangential NC (Numerical Control) turning technology for curved surface, this paper focused on the design technology of constantly tangential precision NC turning tool carrier, especially the design methods of the tool carrier from the view of structure, kinetics, control system and accuracy are illustrated. The tool carrier is designed based on mechanical kinetics according to specified rated load. According to the analysis, running accuracy and position accuracy of the tool carrier have a serious effect on machining accuracy. In order to improve the running accuracy and position accuracy, high precision bearings and high resolution disk coder are used, closed loop control mode including position feedback and velocity feedback are adopted for control system. At the same time, the approaches to improving system stability from the view of mechanical transmission precision of tool carrier are put forward. Using the simultaneously multi-axis movement function of control system, constantly tangential NC turning technology for the purpose of eliminating the direct effect caused by form error of tool nose can be realized via three simultaneous controllable axes, including x-axis, z-axis and the tool carrier.