硅基纳米探针用于眼部疾病的成像检测与治疗

快速精准的诊断和高效的治疗对于减轻眼部疾病造成的危害至关重要. 在过去的几十年里, 由于具有尺寸小、 比表面积大、 表面易修饰及独特的光/电子/机械性能等优点, 纳米材料已被用于构建不同种类的高性能纳米探针. 其中, 基于其良好的生物相容性, 科学家们已经将硅纳米材料设计为可用于不同眼部疾病诊断与治疗的功能化纳米探针. 本综述主要概述了将硅基纳米探针用于检测和治疗不同眼部疾病(如角膜疾病、 视网膜疾病、 青光眼等)的近期研究进展. 首先, 重点介绍了硅基纳米探针的设计制备及在角膜新生血管、 细菌性角膜炎等角膜疾病的成像检测与治疗中的应用; 然后, 介绍了用于成像检测和治疗视网膜疾病(如色素性视网膜炎和视网膜新生血管)的硅基持续性给药系统的研究成果; 随后, 概述了多功能硅基纳米载药系统的构建及在青光眼治疗领域的应用研究进展; 最后, 简要讨论了将硅基纳米探针用于眼部疾病诊治面临的挑战并对未来的发展前景进行了展望.

Silicon-based Nanoprobes for Imaging Detection and Therapy of Ocular Diseases

Rapid and effective diagnosis and treatment are critical for alleviating the hazards caused by ocular diseases. Taking advantages of their attractive merits including small dimensions， large ratios of surface-to-volume， good surface tailorability， and unique optical/electronic/mechanic properties， numerous kinds of nanomaterials have been utilized to construct high-performance nanoprobes. Of particular note， during the past decade， silicon nanomaterials featuring favorable biocompatibility have been explored as multifunctional nanoprobes for the high-efficacy detection and therapy of different ocular diseases. Herein， we intend to summarize recent achievements in silicon-based nanoprobes for diagnosing and curing ocular diseases， such as corneal diseases， retinal diseases and glaucoma. Firstly， we highlight the preparation of silicon-based nanoprobes and their biomedical applications in the detection and treatment of corneal diseases［e. g.， corneal neovascularization（NV） and bacterial keratitis］. Secondly， we concentrate on the latest typical advancements of the synthesis and functionalization of silicon-based drug delivery systems， capable of imaging and treating retinal diseases（e.g.， retinitis pigmentosa and retinal NV）. Thirdly， we briefly outline the developments of multifunctional silicon-based drug delivery nanosystems and their in vivo bioapplications in the imaging analysis and treatments of glaucoma. In the final section， we further discuss the major challenges and prospects of silicon-based nanoprobes applying in the field of ocular diseases.