单原子材料的冷冻合成

近年来, 单原子催化剂因其最大化的金属原子利用效率和高催化性能, 已成为能量存储和转化领域中的研究热点. 单原子催化剂的高活性主要来源于其低配位结构、 量子尺寸效应和原子与载体之间的强相互作用. 因此, 如何根据构-效关系开发通用且简单的制备高效单原子催化剂的方法具有重要的意义. 从实际应用的角度而言, 湿化学法因具有工艺简单和易于大规模生产的特性, 被认为是一种实现工业化制备单原子催化剂的方法, 现已开发了一系列制备负载型单原子催化剂的策略. 本文从独特的抑制反应物前驱体物质形核的角度出发, 总结了冷冻合成方法对形核的抑制机制, 进一步针对不同方面的应用, 探讨了单原子材料的催化机理, 并对其未来的发展进行了展望.

Freezing Synthesis for Single Atom Materials

In recent years， high-performance single-atom catalysts with maximum metal atom utilization efficiency have become a hot research topic in the field of energy storage and conversion. The high activity of single-atom catalysts is mainly due to their low-coordination environment of metal centers， quantum size effect， and metal- support interaction. Therefore， it is of great significance to develop a general and simple synthetic pathway for high-performance single-atom catalysts based on the structure-activity relationship. Considering industrial applications， wet chemistry synthesis has been considered a promising method for the preparation of single-atom catalysts owing to its simplicity and practicality of massive production. A series of strategies have also been developed for the preparation of supported single-atom catalysts. In this review， we summarized the unique freezing synthetic method to synthesize single-atom materials from the perspective of inhibiting the nucleation of metal species. We further systematically discuss the synthesis mechanism and the catalytic mechanism of the prepared supported single-atom catalysts for extensive applications. Finally， some prospects on the trend of future research in this respect are given.