航天太阳敏感器的应用与发展

综述了当前广泛应用的数字太阳敏感器的原理、系统设计、应用领域和发展现状。首先,叙述了太阳敏感器的工作原理;数字太阳敏感器一般采用小孔成像的原理,包括光学系统、光电探测器和信息处理单元3个部分。其次,介绍了太阳敏感器的光学系统,包括单光孔、单狭缝、多光孔和多狭缝等多种入光形式。然后,从常规光电探测器件和集成了光学系统、图像传感器和信息处理单元的探测器两个层面,说明了太阳敏感器涉及的光电探测器的发展,并介绍了相应的太阳像点中心提取算法。最后,给出了航天太阳敏感器的现有产品及应用现状,讨论了未来航天太阳敏感器面临的挑战和发展趋势。

Application and development of space sun sensors

The principle and optical design of digital sun sensors widely used in different fields are reviewed and their applications and development are given.Firstly,it describes the working principle of sun sensors.The digital sun sensors are constructed with the principle of pinhole camera,and it consisted of a optical system,a photo detector and a information processing unit.Then,the paper gives the optical systems,which may be implemented with a single aperture,or a single split,or multiple apertures,or multiple splits.Furthermore,it focuses on the development of the digital sun sensors based on conventional photo detectors and micro detectors integrating the optical system,image sensor and the information processing unit,and also introduces centroiding algorithms for sun spots.Finally,the future challenge and development trends for space sun sensors are discussed.