The use of nano- and micro-instrumented indentation tests to evaluate viscoelastic behavior of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Programa de Engenharia Metalúrgica e de Materiais, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 68505, Brazil;2. CENPES/PETROBRAS, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;1. KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Fibre and Polymer Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden;2. Swerea KIMAB AB, Box 7047, SE-164 40 Kista, Sweden;1. Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH, Roseggerstrasse 12, A-8700 Leoben, Austria;2. Injection Moulding of Polymers, Montanuniversitaet Leoben, A-8700 Leoben, Austria;1. Polymer IRC, Faculty of Engineering & Informatics, University of Bradford, United Kingdom;2. Croda Europe Ltd, Hull, United Kingdom;3. Hitachi High-Technologies Europe, Warrington, United Kingdom;1. Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Metalúrgicas, CENIM-CSIC, Avda. Gregorio del Amo 8, 28040 Madrid, Spain;2. Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, Calle Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain;3. Department of Control Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Technická 2, Prague 6, Czech Republic;4. Grupo de Investigación “Polímeros, Caracterización y Aplicaciones” (U.A. del ICTP-CSIC), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain;5. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina CIBER-BBN, Spain |
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| Abstract: | Nano-load (n-IIT) and micro-load (μ-IIT) instrumented indentation tests (IITs) were used to characterize elastic modulus and hardness in a semicrystalline polymer. The tests were conducted with loading rates ranging from 4.9 to 317 mN.min−1 for n-IIT and from 300 to 10000 mN.min−1 for μ-IIT. A decrease in the elastic modulus was observed as the load rate increased for the n-IIT process, and the elastic modulus increased as the load rate increased for the μ-IIT process. This behavior was explained by two-flow volume control under the indenter and the corresponding shear stress, which can influence the state of stress. The effect of holding time on the elastic modulus and hardness was also investigated for μ-IIT. E decreased with increasing holding time up to 30 s and became constant from there on. Hardness, however, decreased for all holding times evaluated. The steady state creep was only reached after 90 s, which is significantly higher than the time for elastic modulus stabilization. |
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| Keywords: | Indentation test Elastic modulus Hardness and PVDF |
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