反映强流动曲率效应的非线性湍流模型

首先定性地分析了流线曲率效应对流场湍流结构的影响，然后以U型槽道流为典型算例，对多种湍流模型进行了评估．评估的模型包括:线性涡粘性模型，二阶和三阶非线性涡粘性模型，二阶显式代数应力模型和Reynolds应力模型．评估结果表明，性能良好的三阶非线性涡粘性模型，如黄于宁等人发展的HM模型以及CLS模型，可以较好地描述流线的曲率效应对湍流结构的影响，如凸曲率作用下内壁附近湍流强度的衰减和凹曲率作用下外壁附近湍流的增强，并且较好地确定了管道下游的分离点位置和分离泡长度，其预测的结果和实验符合较好，与Reynolds力模型的结果十分接近，因此可以较好地应用于具有曲率效应的工程湍流的计算．

Nonlinear Turbulence Models That Predict Strong Curvature Effects

The curvature effects on the structure of turbulence were analyzed qualitatively. Numerical simulations of a turbulent U-duct flow with a number of turbulence models in order to assess their overall performance were conducted. The models evaluated are some typical linear eddy viscosity turbulence models, nonlinear eddy viscosity turbulence models (NLEVM) (quadratic and cubic), a quadratic explicit algebraic stress model (EASM) and a Reynolds stress model (RSM) developed based on the secondmoment closure. The numerical results show that a cubic NLEVM that performs considerably well in other benchmark turbulent flows, such as the Craft, Launder and Suga model and the Huang and Ma model, is able to capture the major features of the highly curved turbulent U-duct flow, including the damping of turbulence near the convex wall, the enhancement of turbulence near the concave wall, and the subsequent turbulent flow separation. The predictions of the cubic models are quite close to that of the RSM, in relatively good agreement with the experimental data, which suggests that these models may be applied to simulating the turbulent curved flows in engineering applications.