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X-ray microscopy of track membranes and biological objects in the soft-and hard-wavelength ranges
Authors:A. V. Andreev  V. E. Asadchikov  I. A. Artyukov  A. V. Vinogradov  V. N. Zruev  Yu. S. Kas’yanov  V. V. Kondratenko  V. E. Levashov  B. V. Mchedlishvili  Yu. V. Ponomarev  A. V. Popov  A. A. Postnov  S. V. Savel’ev  R. A. Senin  I. I. Struk
Affiliation:(1) Moscow State University, Vorob’evy gory, Moscow, 119899, Russia;(2) Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 59, Moscow, 117333, Russia;(3) Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 53, Moscow, 117924, Russia;(4) Kharkov State Polytechnical University, ul. Frunze 21, Kharkov, 310002, Ukraine;(5) Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere, and Radio Wave Propagation, Russian Academy of Sciences, Troitsk, Moscow oblast, 142092, Russia;(6) Institute of Human Morphology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, ul. Tsyuryupy 3, Moscow, 117418, Russia
Abstract:The methods used to obtain X-ray images of track membranes and various biological objects in the soft (20 nm) and hard (0.2–0.02 nm) wavelength ranges have been considered. In the range of soft X-rays, the images were obtained in a Schwarzshild microscope. In the spectral range of hard X-ray radiation, various methods were used including the use of Fresnel zone plates, asymmetric reflecting crystals, X-ray microradiography and microtomography.
Keywords:
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