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X-ray microscopy of track membranes and biological objects in the soft-and hard-wavelength ranges |
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| Authors: | A V Andreev V E Asadchikov I A Artyukov A V Vinogradov V N Zruev Yu S Kas’yanov V V Kondratenko V E Levashov B V Mchedlishvili Yu V Ponomarev A V Popov A A Postnov S V Savel’ev R A Senin I I Struk |
| Institution: | (1) Moscow State University, Vorob’evy gory, Moscow, 119899, Russia;(2) Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 59, Moscow, 117333, Russia;(3) Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 53, Moscow, 117924, Russia;(4) Kharkov State Polytechnical University, ul. Frunze 21, Kharkov, 310002, Ukraine;(5) Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere, and Radio Wave Propagation, Russian Academy of Sciences, Troitsk, Moscow oblast, 142092, Russia;(6) Institute of Human Morphology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, ul. Tsyuryupy 3, Moscow, 117418, Russia |
| Abstract: | The methods used to obtain X-ray images of track membranes and various biological objects in the soft (20 nm) and hard (0.2–0.02 nm) wavelength ranges have been considered. In the range of soft X-rays, the images were obtained in a Schwarzshild microscope. In the spectral range of hard X-ray radiation, various methods were used including the use of Fresnel zone plates, asymmetric reflecting crystals, X-ray microradiography and microtomography. |
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