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Potentiometric detection in UPLC as an easy alternative to determine cocaine in biological samples
Authors:Devin Daems  Alexander L. N. van Nuijs  Adrian Covaci  Ezat Hamidi‐Asl  Guy Van Camp  Luc J. Nagels
Affiliation:1. University of Antwerp, Department of Chemistry, Antwerp, Belgium;2. University of Antwerp, Centre of Medical Genetics, Antwerp, Belgium;3. University of Antwerp, Toxicological Center, Antwerp, Belgium
Abstract:The analytical methods which are often used for the determination of cocaine in complex biological matrices are a prescreening immunoassay and confirmation by chromatography combined with mass spectrometry. We suggest an ultra‐high‐pressure liquid chromatography combined with a potentiometric detector, as a fast and practical method to detect and quantify cocaine in biological samples. An adsorption/desorption model was used to investigate the usefulness of the potentiometric detector to determine cocaine in complex matrices. Detection limits of 6.3 ng mL?1 were obtained in plasma and urine, which is below the maximum residue limit (MRL) of 25 ng mL?1. A set of seven plasma samples and 10 urine samples were classified identically by both methods as exceeding the MRL or being inferior to it. The results obtained with the UPLC/potentiometric detection method were compared with the results obtained with the UPLC/MS method for samples spiked with varying cocaine concentrations. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.997 for serum (n =7) and 0.977 for urine (n =8). As liquid chromatography is an established technique, and as potentiometry is very simple and cost‐effective in terms of equipment, we believe that this method is potentially easy, inexpensive, fast and reliable. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Keywords:cocaine  UPLC  potentiometry  plasma  urine
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