Fingerprints of quantal Wigner solid-like correlations in D-dimensional assemblies

After a brief summary of the mechanism of quantal Wigner electron crystallization, we emphasize experimental situations in three, two, and one dimensions in which fingerprints of Wigner solid-like correlations are in evidence. Special stress is placed on the way applied magnetic fields can aid Wigner localization, as first pointed out in relation to n-type InSb by Durkan et al. (1968). Semiconductor heterojunctions with a two-dimensional electron fluid in the presence of a transverse magnetic field are given some prominence in relation to melting of the Wigner solid and its connection with magnetic properties. It is also proposed that a Wigner “hole” solid may be induced by a magnetic field of 60 T in a specific high $T_{\mathrm{c}}$ cuprate and that the fulleride phase diagram may also contain Wigner solids.