Exchange bias in nanostructures |
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| Institution: | 1. Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) and Departament de Física, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain;2. Departament de Física, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain;1. Material Science Research Lab, The Neotia University, Sarisa, D.H. Road, 24 Pgs (South), West Bengal 743368, India;2. Laboratory for Nanomagnetism and Magnetic Materials, School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India;3. Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India;4. Sukumar Sengupta Mahavidyalaya, State Highway 7, Keshpur, Paschim Medinipur 721150, West Bengal, India;1. Department of Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-5050, USA;2. Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-5080, USA;1. Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/2, 119991 Moscow, Russia;2. Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/2, 119991 Moscow, Russia;3. Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad 236004, Russia;4. Center for Functionalized Magnetic Materials (FunMagMa), Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236041 Kaliningrad, Russian Federation;5. National University of Science and Technology MISiS, Moscow 119049, Russian Federation;1. Department of Physics, Marwari College, Darbhanga 846004, Bihar, India;2. Nanoscience Laboratory, Institute Instrumentation Centre, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, India;1. Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, Xi''an Jiaotong University, Xi''an 710049, China;2. Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA |
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| Abstract: | The phenomenology of exchange bias and related effects in nanostructures is reviewed. The types of systems discussed include: lithographically fabricated ferromagnetic (FM)—antiferromagnetic (AFM) nanostructures, chemically surface modified FM particles, FM particles embedded in an AFM matrix, controlled core–shell particles, nanoparticles with surface effects and coupled AFM–AFM systems. The main applications of exchange biased nanostructures are summarized. Finally, the implications of the nanometer dimensions on some of the existing exchange bias theories are briefly discussed. |
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