泥炭沼泽学若干基本概念的再认识

综合国内外有关研究成果,比较和区别了泥炭沼泽学的若干基本概念.泥炭沼泽是自然或人为干扰较少的积累泥炭的生态系统,而泥炭地则可以有较强人为干扰.雨养泥炭沼泽营养补给主要源于大气降水,矿养泥炭沼泽则主要接受地表水和地下水补给.部分木本植物沼泽和挺水植物沼泽属于泥炭沼泽的范畴,但在北半球,挺水植物沼泽并非主要的积累泥炭的湿地类型.低、中和高位泥炭沼泽是针对泥炭沼泽的地貌形态而言的,不应与泥炭沼泽的发育阶段建立普遍而严格的联系.富、中和贫营养泥炭沼泽概念的使用应慎重,只有通过水化学测试才能准确确定泥炭沼泽的营养状况.同时浅析了造成泥炭沼泽学中若干概念混淆或误解的主要原因.

Re-understanding some elementary concepts in mire science

According to studies home and abroad, some elementary concepts in mire science were contrasted and distinguished. Mires were natural or lightly disturbed peat-forming wetland ecosystems, and peatlands could be disturbed intensively. Bogs mainly received nutrients from atmospheric precipitation while fens mainly from groundwater and surface water. Some swamps and marshes belonged to mires. But in the northern hemisphere, marshes were not the main types of peat-forming wetlands in the world. Lowmoors, mesomoors and highmoors were refer to the morphology of mires should not be strictly related to the development phases of mires. Eutrophy, mesotrophy and oligotrophy should be used carefully since only by chemical test can we know the nutrient conditions of mires well and truly. Furthermore, the reasons for concept confusion and misunderstanding were preliminarily analyzed.