A solution-processable small-organic molecules containing carbazole or phenoxazine structure as hole-transport materials for perovskite solar cells |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, Reymonta 25 St., 30-059, Krakow, Poland;2. Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu Plentas 19, LT50254, Kaunas, Lithuania;3. Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna St., 40-006, Katowice, Poland;1. LEVRES Laboratory, Faculty of Exact Sciences, University of Echahid Hamma Lakhdar EL Oued, BP 789, El Oued, 39000, Algeria;2. Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of 8 mai 1945 Guelma, 24000, Guelma, Algeria;1. Plasma Physics Center, Sience and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran;2. Institute for Advanced Technologies, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, 16875-163, Lavizan, Tehran, Iran;1. Department of Physical Chemistry and Physicochemical Basis of Environmental Engineering, Institute of Environmental Engineering in Stalowa Wola, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, ul. Kwiatkowskiego 3A, 37-450 Stalowa Wola, Poland;2. ML System S.A, Zaczernie 190 G, 36-062 Zaczernie, Poland;3. Department of Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznan University of Life Science, ul. Wojska Polskiego 38/42, 60-637 Poznań, Poland;4. Foundation for Research and Development, ul. Legnicka 65, 54-206 Wrocław, Poland;5. Faculty of Automatics and Robotics, Wroclaw School of Information Technology, ul. Wejherowska 28, 54 - 239 Wroclaw, Poland;6. Department of Physics and Medical Engineering, Rzeszów University of Technology, Al. Powstańców Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland;1. Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University, 50300, Nevşehir, Turkey;2. Department of Electronics and Automation, Ahi Evran University, 40100, Kırşehir, Turkey |
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| Abstract: | Three low molecular weight compounds bearing carbazole units (1,6-di{3-[2-(4-methylphenyl)vinyl]carbazol-9-yl}hexane and 9,9'-di{6-[3-(2-(4-methylphenyl)vinyl)-9-carbazol-9-yl]hexyl}-[3,3']bicarbazole) and phenoxazine structure (10-butyl-3,7-diphenylphenoxazine) were tested as hole-transporting materials in perovskite solar cells. Two of them were successfully applied as hole transporting layers in electroluminescent light emitted diodes. The examined compounds were high-thermally stable with decomposition temperature found at the range of 280–419 °C. Additionally, DSC measurement revealed that they can be converted into amorphous materials. The compounds possess adequate ionization potentials, to perovskite energy levels, being in the range of 5.15–5.36 eV. The significant increase in power conversion efficiency from 1.60% in the case of a device without hole-transporting layer, to 5.31% for device with 1,6-di{3-[2-(4-methylphenyl)vinyl]carbazol-9- yl}hexane was observed. |
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| Keywords: | Carbazole derivatives Perovskite photovoltaic cells Hole transporting materials |
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