An uncertainty evaluation for multiple measurements by GUM

An approach for uncertainty evaluation is proposed to determine the overall uncertainty by combining the uncertainties of the individual results from multiple measurements. It is accomplished by the separate combinations of the individual random and systematic components of the uncertainties of the individual results. The approach is useful when the individual results are not statistically different. It is recognized that, owing to the correlation, the uncertainty resulting from systematic effects is not reduced by multiple measurements. On the contrary, the uncertainty resulting from random effects can be reduced. Received: 3 May 2002 Accepted: 16 July 2002