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A top surface liquid layer during membrane formation using vapor-induced phase separation (VIPS)—Evidence and mechanism of formation |
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| Authors: | P Menut YS Su W Chinpa C Pochat-Bohatier A Deratani DM Wang P Huguet CY Kuo JY Lai C Dupuy |
| Institution: | aUMR Cirad 016 Génie des Procédés d’Elaboration des Bioproduits, Université Montpellier 2, CC 05, 2 Place E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France bInstitut Européen des Membranes, ENSC-UMII-CNRS, Université Montpellier 2, CC047, 2 Place E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France cDepartment of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan dDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan University, Chung-Li, Taiwan eR&D Center for Membrane Technology, Chung Yuan University,Chung-Li, Taiwan |
| Abstract: | The formation of a surface liquid layer on the top of membrane forming systems made of poly(ether-imide) (PEI) and N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) was clearly demonstrated during water vapor-induced phase separation (VIPS) through several in situ investigation methods including optical microscopy and dynamic water contact angle measurements for a qualitative approach, and Raman confocal and FTIR microscopy for a quantitative one. A mechanism involving the shrinkage from the polymer-rich phase consecutively to the surface phase separation is proposed to account for the significantly high concentration of PEI in the surface liquid layer. The emergence of a surface liquid layer during the phase separation process is discussed in terms of implications on morphology of membrane fabricated using VIPS and how it contrasts with liquid-induced phase separation. |
| Keywords: | Poly(ether-imide) Vapor-induced phase separation Surface liquid layer In situ analysis Membrane morphology |
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