供水系统和卫生服务机构在城镇化发展中的作用 ——以赞比亚钦萨利县为例

目的 了解和评估近年来赞比亚钦萨利县的有关供水系统和卫生服务的机构,讨论这些机构对钦萨利县的供水系统和卫生服务的影响,概述钦萨利县的供水系统和卫生服务发展的机遇与挑战.方法 结合定性与定量分析共用方法对数据进行收集分析.按整个钦萨利县的户口数目比例取样,并对关键信息抽样调查及对有水箱设备的社区进行随机抽样调查.结合问卷调查、非正式访谈、专题小组讨论、现场考察及文献综述审阅等方法对钦萨利县的供水系统和卫生服务进行深入研究.使用SPSS 20软件包与excel进行定量分析,利用内容分析法进行定性分析.结果 涉及钦萨利县的供水系统和卫生服务的机构主要有四家机构:社区基层组织(CBOs)、谦比西的供水和污水处理公司(ChWSC)、钦萨利县议会(CMC)和地方政府及住房部门(MLGH).在使用水箱供水的家庭和社区,自来水供应不稳定且明显不足.供水费用一般家庭和社区都能承担,但仅有10%的家庭连接到盈利性的污水网系统.谦比西的供水和污水处理公司面临的问题主要有基础设施陈旧、电力供应不足、官僚主义等.地方政府及住房部资助了一个有关铁萨利县的供水系统和卫生服务的新项目,而这个项目的开展将为萨利县的供水系统和卫生服务水平的提高提供新的机会.结论 铁萨利县拥有提供供水和卫生服务必要的基础设施,钦萨利县的机构的变迁严重影响了供水和卫生服务,由于人口的不断增长,供水和卫生服务变得越来越不稳定.钦萨利县的供水系统和卫生服务面临的主要问题有基础设施陈旧、电力供应不足、官僚主义等.地方政府及住房部资助的项目有助于提升供水系统和卫生服务的水平.

Performance of water supply and sanitation services institutions in a growing town :A case of Chinsali Urban,Zambia

Purposes- To assess institutional arrangements for water supply and sanitation (WSS) services inChinsali Urban; to identify the institutional arrangements for water supply and sanitation services in Chinsali Urban;to assess how the institutional arrangements affect water supply and sanitation services in Chinsali Urban and toassess the challenges and opportunities of service delivery for (WSS) in Chinsali Urban. Methods- A mixed methodof qualitative and quantitative was used to collect data in the field. Households were proportionally sampled, whilepurposive sampling was used for key informants and probability sampling was used for communities with waterKiosks. Questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, field observations and documents reviewwere conducted. Quantitative data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 20 andMicrosoft Excel, while qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis. Results- Four institutions for (WSS)were identified in Chinsali Urban which are the Community Based Organisations (CBOs), Chambeshi Water andSewerage Company (Ch WSC), Chinsali Municipal Council (CMC) and the Ministry of Local Government andHousing (MLGH). Water supply was erratic and insufficient in both households and communities that use waterKiosks. Both households and peri-urban communities were able to afford water supply expenses, but only ten percentof the households are connected to sewerage reticulation system of the Commercial Utility (CU). Challenges thatCh WSC faces are dilapidated infrastructure, power outages and administrative bureaucracy due to provincial delink.Chinsali Urban has high opportunities for the sector as there is a new project funded by the MLGH aimed towards theincrease and improvement of (WSS) services. Conclusion- The study showed that Chinsali Urban has the necessaryinstitutional arrangements for supply of water and sanitation services like other urban areas in Zambia. Theinstitutional change of Chinsali Urban has really affected the delivery of water supply and sanitation services havebecome more erratic and insufficient due to population increase. The major challenges to WSS services in ChinsaliUrban are dilapidated infrastructure, power outages and bureaucracy in the operations. Chinsali Urban has goodopportunities to increase and improve WSS services due to the current project for WSS services funded by the MLGH.