In situ SEM,TEM and AFM studies of the antimicrobial activity of lemon grass oil in liquid and vapour phase against Candida albicans |
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| Authors: | Amit Kumar Tyagi Anushree Malik |
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| Institution: | 1. Guy Hilton Research Centre, Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 7QB, UK;2. Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;3. Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;1. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;2. Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;1. CNRS, LAAS, F-31400 Toulouse, France;2. Université de Toulouse, LAAS, F-31400 Toulouse, France;3. CNRS, UMR 7565, SRSMC, Vand?uvre-lès-Nancy, France;4. Université de Lorraine, UMR 7565, Faculté de Pharmacie, Nancy, France;5. INRA, UMR1319 Micalis, F-78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France;6. AgroParisTech, UMR Micalis, F-78850 Thiverval Grignon, France;7. ABC Platform®, Nancy, France |
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| Abstract: | Inhibition of Candida albicans growth was shown by lemon grass oil (LGO) and lemon grass oil vapour (LGO vapour) at 288 μg/ml and 32.7 μg/ml concentration, respectively. The assessment of cell damage by LGO and LGO vapour was done through scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM) observations. SEM analysis showed complete rupture of C. albicans cells treated with LGO vapour while in those treated with LGO in broth, only shrinkage was observed. TEM study showed the alterations in morphology upon treatment with LGO while complete degradation of the Candida cells was observed in case of LGO vapour. Further three dimensional morphological changes and roughness of the cells have also been evaluated with AFM after the treatment with LGO & LGO vapour. Roughness (root mean square value) was significantly higher in control C. albicans cells (211.97 nm) than LGO (143 nm) and LGO vapour (5.981 nm) treated cells. The results for the first time demonstrate relatively higher efficacy of LGO vapours for inhibition and cellular damage of C. albicans cells as compared to the LGO in liquid phase. This suggests the potential application of LGO vapour phase against infections caused by C. albicans. |
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