Formation of Deeply Bound Pionic Atoms in Sn Isotopes

We study the formation of deeply bound pionic atoms in the (d,³He) reaction theoretically. At different scattering angles, we find that the different subcomponents dominate the formation spectra because of the matching condition of the reaction. We also find that the pionic 1s state which is free from the residual interaction effects appears clearly in ¹¹⁷Sn(d, ³He) spectra. We conclude that the observation of the (d,³He) reaction for these new cases will provide more systematic and accurate information on the pionic bound states, and it will help to develop the study of the pion properties and the partial restoration of chiral symmetry in nuclei.