Thermal and X-ray analysis of racemic bupivacaine hydrochloride |
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Authors: | A Syku?a-Zaj?c E ?odyga-Chru?cińska B Pa?ecz R E Dinnebier U J Griesser and V Niederwanger |
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Institution: | (1) Institute of General Food Chemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Technical University of Lodz, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924 Lodz, Poland;(2) Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Physics and Chemistry, University of Lodz, Pomorska 149/153, 90-236 Lodz, Poland;(3) Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany;(4) Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Leopold Franzens University Innsbruck, Innrain 52, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria |
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Abstract: | An amide-type local anesthetic drug, bupivacaine hydrochloride (BupiHCl), in the form of racemate is listed in the European
and American pharmacopoeias and continues to be used in medicine. Thermal and X-ray analysis of commercial BupiHCl monohydrate
was performed by differential scanning calorimetry with thermogravimetry, hot stage microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Endothermic
dehydration occurs at the temperature range of 73–130 °C for DSC–TG 111 (Setaram) and at 83–150 °C for DSC 404 (Netzsch).
Both curves at 2 and 10 °C min−1 clearly reflect phase transformation of anhydrous Form I into II before reaching the melting point. A well-defined exothermic
phase transition of BupiHCl was detected at a lower heating rate. Temperature-resolved X-ray diffraction in conjunction with
DSC led to determining a similarity between the obtained thermal events. Microscopic investigation also confirmed the above-mentioned
transformations. |
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