高分子负载催化剂的设计、合成及其在有机合成反应中的应用*

发展可回收和可重复利用的催化剂是过去几十年研究的一个热点，在这篇综述中，我们简要介绍了高分子负载催化剂的设计和合成策略以及这些催化剂在各种不同有机反应中的深入应用。在很多情况下，这一策略显示了它在产物的分离以及昂贵的催化剂的回收和再利用上的显著优点。与没有负载的同类催化剂相比，高分子负载的催化剂可以保持了同样的催化活性。另一方面，发展可控结构，尺寸，外观以及可溶性的线性聚合或树枝状的手性催化剂对于它们在有机合成中的应用都具有非常重要的意义。通过有机，高分子，以及材料化学家的共同努力，这一方法在跨学科间取得了很大的进展，这一发展对于决定载体的选择起到了很大的作用。因此，进一步发展高活性和高对映选择性的催化剂将仍然是这一领域的重要目标和挑战。

Polymer-Supported Catalysts Designing, Synthesis and Their Application on Organic Synthetic Reaction

The development of recoverable and reusable catalysts has been the subject of research over past decades. In this review, we have outlined the strategies of designing, synthesis of polymer-supported catalysts and summarized recent developments in their extensive applications in various organic reactions. In many cases, this strategy has demonstrated its great advantage in simplifying the separation of products and recovery and reuse of the usually expensive catalysts while maintaining comparable catalytic performance to that of the unsupported parent catalysts. In addition, the development of a linear polymeric or dendronized chiral catalysts with tunable structure, size, shape, and solubility will play an important role to their utility in organic synthesis. Significant progress could be reached from the developing an interdisciplinary expertise with contributions from organic, polymer and material chemists. Also, it is great importance in determining the choice of support. Therefore, the further developments of highly active and enantioselective catalysts will continue to be an important goal and challenge in this field. Contents 
1 Introduction 
2 C-C bond formation reactions 
2.1 Pd-catalyzed C-C bond coupling reactions 
2.2 Olefin metathesis reactions 
2.3 Asymmetric additions of organozinc reagents to aldehydes 
2.4 Allylations of aldehydes and imines 
2.5 Asymmetric cyclopropanations 
2.6 Organocatalyzed asymmetric Aldol reactions 
2.7 Organocatalyzed asymmetric Diels-Alder reactions 
3 Asymmetric reductions of prochiral ketones 
4 Asymmetric oxidations 
4.1 Epoxidations of alkenes 
4.2 Sharpless’s epoxidations 
4.3 Asymmetric dihydroxylation of alkenes 
5 Summary and prospects