碳纳米管的聚合物功能化与结构控制:聚合物接枝碳纳米管

碳纳米管高分子化是发展高性能的聚合物基纳米功能材料的重要研究方向,本文从"grafting-to"和"grafting-from"两种方式对聚合物接枝碳纳米管的最新进展进行了系统综述。"Grafting-to"方法主要包括羧基衍生反应(酰化、酯化)、加成反应(大分子自由基加成、叠氮环加成)和硫醇偶联反应。"Grafting-from"方法包括普通自由基聚合、可控/活性自由基聚合、离子聚合、开环聚合和逐步聚合反应,其中碳纳米管表面引发活性自由基聚合进一步分为原子转移自由基聚合、氮氧稳定自由基聚合和可逆加成-断链转移聚合。此外,本文还简述了碳纳米管自身的聚合反应,并探讨了目前聚合物修饰碳纳米管所面临的问题和今后的发展方向。

Functionalization and Structure Control of Carbon Nanotubes with Polymers: Polymers-Grafted Carbon Nanotubes

Research on functionalization of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with polymers has been attracted an increasing interest due to their potential applications in polymer-based functional nanomaterials. Therefore, most recent progress in the chosen field is summarized according to the grafting-to and grafting-from techniques. The grafting-to technique involves direct attachment of as-prepared polymers to CNTs by derivation reaction of the CNT-bound carboxylic groups (i.e., acylation-esterification, and acylation-amidation and direct condensation reaction), addition reaction (i.e., macromolecular radical coupling, azido-cycloaddition and thiol-coupling reaction. The grafting-from approach can be grouped into five types: (i) common free radical polymerization; (ii) controlled/living free radical polymerization (CLRP); (iii) ionic polymerization; (iv) ring-opening polymerization; and (v) polycondensation. The CLRP techniques further include surface-initiated atom transfer free radical polymerization (ATRP), nitroxide-mediated free radical polymerization (NMRP) and reversible addition fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization (RAFT) in the presence of the CNT-supported macroinitiators. Moreover, polymerization of CNTs themselves by condensation reaction between the surface functional groups is briefly reported, both the current challenge and the future development towards the field of polymers-modified CNTs are also discussed in this article. Contents
1 Introduction
2 Grafting-to techniques
2.1 Derivation reaction of carboxyl groups
2.2 Addition reaction
2.3 Thiol-coupling reaction
3 Grafting-from techniques
3.1 Common free radical polymerization
3.2 Controlled/living free radical polymerization
3.3 Ionic polymerization
3.4 Ring-opening polymerization (ROP)
3.5 Polycondensation reaction
3.6 Other surface-mediated polymerization techniques
4 Polymerization of CNTs themselves
5 Conclusion and outlook