Possibility of observation of hidden-bottom pentaquark resonances in bottomonium photoproduction on protons and nuclei near threshold

We study the begin{document}$Upsilon(1S)$end{document} meson photoproduction on protons and nuclei at near-threshold center-of-mass energies below 11.4 GeV (or at the corresponding photon laboratory energies begin{document}$E_{gamma}$end{document} below 68.8 GeV). We calculate the absolute excitation functions for the nonresonant and resonant photoproduction of begin{document}$Upsilon(1S)$end{document} mesons off protons at incident photon laboratory energies of 63-68 GeV by considering direct (begin{document}${gamma}p to {Upsilon(1S)}p$end{document}) and two-step (begin{document}${gamma}p to P^+_b(11080) to {Upsilon(1S)}p$end{document}, begin{document}${gamma}p to P^+_b(11125) to {Upsilon(1S)}p$end{document}, begin{document}${gamma}p to P^+_b(11130) to {Upsilon(1S)}p$end{document}) begin{document}$Upsilon(1S)$end{document} production channels within different scenarios for the nonresonant total cross section of the elementary reaction begin{document}${gamma}p to {Upsilon(1S)}p$end{document} and for branching ratios of the decays begin{document}$P^+_b(11080) to {Upsilon(1S)}p$end{document}, begin{document}$P^+_b(11125) to {Upsilon(1S)}p$end{document}, and begin{document}$P^+_b(11130) to {Upsilon(1S)}p$end{document}. We also calculate an analogous function for the photoproduction of begin{document}$Upsilon(1S)$end{document} mesons on the ¹²C and ²⁰⁸Pb target nuclei in the near-threshold center-of-mass beam energy region of 9.0-11.4 GeV by considering the respective incoherent direct (begin{document}${gamma}N to {Upsilon(1S)}N$end{document}) and two-step (begin{document}${gamma}p to P^+_b(11080) to {Upsilon(1S)}p$end{document}, begin{document}${gamma}p to P^+_b(11125) to {Upsilon(1S)}p$end{document}, begin{document}${gamma}p to P^+_b(11130) to {Upsilon(1S)}p$end{document} and begin{document}${gamma}n to P^0_b$end{document}begin{document}$ (11080) to{Upsilon(1S)}n $end{document}, begin{document}${gamma}n to P^0_b(11125) to {Upsilon(1S)}n$end{document}, begin{document}${gamma}n to P^0_b(11130) to {Upsilon(1S)}n$end{document}) begin{document}$Upsilon(1S)$end{document}) production processes using a nuclear spectral function approach. We demonstrate that a detailed scan of thebegin{document}$Upsilon(1S)$end{document} total photoproduction cross section on proton and nuclear targets in the near-threshold energy region in future high-precision experiments at the proposed high-luminosity electron-ion colliders EIC and EicC in the US and China should provide a definite result for or against the existence of the nonstrange hidden-bottom pentaquark statesbegin{document}$P_{bi}^+$end{document} and begin{document}$P_{bi}^0$end{document} (begin{document}$i$end{document}=1, 2, 3) as well as clarify their decay rates.