2-difluoromethylene-4-methylenepentanoic acid, a paradoxical probe able to mimic the signaling role of 2-oxoglutaric acid in cyanobacteria

2-Difluoromethylene-4-methylenepentanoic acid (DFMPA), a seemingly deviated analog of 2-oxoglutaric acid (2-OG), could surprisingly mimic its signaling function in cyanobacteria. Computer modeling revealed the favorable binding of DFMPA toward the 2-OG receptor, NtcA, via mutual conformational changes, suggesting that structural alteration of 2-OG is tolerated for it to exercise its signaling role. This extremely useful finding could be exploited for the design of affinity probes with which to study new 2-OG receptors in related signaling pathways.