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Compositional origin of surface roughness variations in air-annealed ZnO single crystals |
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| Authors: | D Elizabeth Pugel RD Vispute T Venkatesan |
| Institution: | a Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States b Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States c Office of Electronic Miniaturization, University of Alaska - Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99701, United States |
| Abstract: | We directly investigated the chemical compositional origin of surface roughness variations in air-annealed ZnO single crystal samples for annealing temperatures up to 1000 °C. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) showed temperature-dependent changes in surface roughness and morphology, with a maximum in surface roughness of 2 nm found for samples annealed at 400 °C. The O(1s) line, measured by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) showed a maximum for Zn(OH)2 and a minimum for off-stoichiometric ZnO at 400 °C; while the Zn(2p) peaks show an increase in slope at that temperature. These results indicate that the roughness arises from Zn diffusion and loss of surface oxygen. |
| Keywords: | ZnO Single crystal Surface morphology Air-annealing |
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