Characterization of binding and bioaccessibility of Cr in Cr-enriched yeast by sequential extraction followed by two-dimensional liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection |
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Authors: | Nattikarn Kaewkhomdee Sandra Mounicou Joanna Szpunar Ryszard Lobinski Juwadee Shiowatana |
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Institution: | 1. Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique Bio-inorganique et Environnement, CNRS UMR 5254, Hélioparc, 2, av. Pr. Angot, 64053, France 2. Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand 3. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Noakowskiego 3, 00-664, Warsaw, Poland
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Abstract: | Sequential extraction (water, Driselase, protease XIV) and extraction with simulated gastric and intestinal fluids were proposed
to characterize the binding and the bioaccessibility of chromium in two commercial food supplements obtained by incorporation
of this element into yeast. Chromium in Cr-enriched yeast was found to be hardly extractable with water, Driselase, or simulated
gastric fluid (recoveries of approximately 10–20%), but proteolysis or gastrointestinal fluid digestion released more than
half of the chromium present. Fractionation with size-exclusion chromatography with Cr-specific detection by inductively coupled
plasma mass spectrometry (ICP MS) allowed the distinction of two fractions: one below approximately 1 kDa and one 1–5 kDa;
they contained the entirety of the released Cr with proportions varying as a function of the extracting solution and the origin
of sample. When collected and investigated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography–ICP MS, the low molecular
mass fraction was found to release Cr(III), whereas the heavier one showed most of Cr bound in fairly stable hydrophobic complexes.
However, an attempt of their identification by electrospray ionization MS/MS and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization
MS was not successful.
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