Modern gas-dynamic models in problems of super-and hypersonic aerodynamics and heat transfer

Calculations of the basic characteristics of flow around bodies entering the atmosphere in the continuousmedium regime are reviewed. Methods for solving the complete Navier—Stokes equations and different simplified equations are examined: boundary layer, thin (hypersonic) shock layer, complete viscous shock layer, different modifications of the parabolized Navier—Stokes equations. The mathematical properties of the corresponding equations, peculiarities of the numerical solution, the dependence of the range of applicability of these models on the basic determining parameters of the problem and their hierarchy are discussed.Moscow Physicotechnical Institute. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 4, pp. 15–29, April, 1993.