Ammonia‐Annealed TiO2 as a Negative Electrode Material in Li‐Ion Batteries: N Doping or Oxygen Deficiency? |
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| Authors: | Dr Edgar Ventosa Dr Wei Xia Dr Stefan Klink Dr Fabio La Mantia Dr Bastian Mei Prof Martin Muhler Prof Wolfgang Schuhmann |
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| Institution: | 1. Analytische Chemie ‐ Elektroanalytik & Sensorik, Ruhr‐Universit?t Bochum, Universit?tsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum (Germany), Fax: (+49)?2343214683;2. Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry, Ruhr‐University Bochum, Universit?tsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum (Germany);3. Center for Electrochemical Sciences ‐ CES, Ruhr‐Universit?t Bochum, Universit?tsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum (Germany) |
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| Abstract: | Improving the chemical diffusion of Li ions in anatase TiO2 is essential to enhance its rate capability as a negative electrode for Li‐ion batteries. Ammonia annealing has been used to improve the rate capability of Li4Ti5O12. Similarly, ammonia annealing improves the Li‐ion storage performance of anatase TiO2 in terms of the stability upon cycling and the C‐rate capability. In order to distinguish whether N doping or oxygen deficiencies, both introduced upon ammonia annealing, are more relevant for the observed improvement, a systematic electrochemical study was performed. The results suggest that the creation of oxygen vacancies upon ammonia annealing is the main reason for the improvement of the stability and C‐rate capability. |
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| Keywords: | high C rate lithium‐ion battery nitrogen dopant oxygen deficiency titanium dioxide |
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