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Polyethylene terephthalate–multiwall nanotubes nanocomposites: Effect of nanotubes on the conformations,crystallinity and crystallization behavior of PET
Authors:Spiros Tzavalas  Dionysis E Mouzakis  Vasilis Drakonakis  Vasilis G Gregoriou
Institution:1. Foundation for Research and Technology‐Hellas, Institute of Chemical Engineering and High Temperature Chemical Processes (FORTH/ICE‐HT), Patras 26504, Greece;2. Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, D‐01069 Dresden, Germany;3. Department of Material Science, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
Abstract:PET‐nanotube composite samples were manufactured by mixing neat PET with a PET‐multiwall carbon nanotube masterbatch. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was utilized to monitor the gauche and trans conformations of the polymeric chains with respect to the nanotube content. The crystallinity as well as the crystallization behavior of the polymer were studied via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). An increase of the trans conformations and crystallinity was recorded at low NT contents followed by a sharp decrease at 1 wt % of nanotubes, further addition of nanotubes led once again to increase of the trans conformations and crystallinity. This behavior was attributed to the aggregations formation which as shown via transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was initiated at concentrations above 0.5 wt %. Discordance between the FTIR and DSC results in the case of the PET sample showed that the later bears relatively more trans non‐crystalline conformers than the nanocomposite samples. Thus it appears that the nanotubes incorporate the trans non‐crystalline segments into the crystalline phase. This work has shown that even a minor addition of carbon nanotubes (even 0.1 wt %) alters the crystallization behavior of the polymer dramatically, yielding a novel nanocomposite material rather than a simple mixture of two ingredients. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 668–676, 2008
Keywords:carbon nanotubes  chain conformations  crystallinity  crystallization  differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)  FTIR  gauche  infrared spectroscopy  nanocomposites  poly(ethylene terephthalate)  trans
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