Synergistic Effect of Graphdiyne-based Electrocatalysts

The synergistic effect can help improve the electrocatalyst performances by combining the advantages of individual components. In particular, such an effect has been more important in the atomic catalysts. In this review, we have summarized the synergistic effect of N, X co-doping graphdiyneX=B, S, F or transition metal(TM)] electrocatalysts and graphdiyne-based dual-atom catalyst(GDY-DAC). In general, the synergistic cooperation between two different dopants in co-doped GDY and adjacent active sites in GDY-DAC not only promotes their catalytic activity but also greatly enhances the thermodynamic stability of the catalysts. For the N, X co-doping GDY electrocatalysts, doping the heteroatoms like boron, sulphur, phosphorus, and fluorine with nitrogen can further tune the charge density distribution and electronic structure. Meanwhile, the electron exchange between two doping atoms and GDY substrate has been discussed, where the TM-based GDY-DAC is a very promising catalyst for electrocatalysis. More importantly, electronic interactions between different elements on GDY have been carefully discussed. In the end, we have also supplied perspectives to the future developments of the GDY-based electrocatalysts.