超疏水超亲油玉米秸秆粉油污吸附剂的制备及其在油水分离中的应用

超疏水超亲油材料因其在油水分离等领域有广泛的应用前景而引起人们极大关注。 目前,有很多方法可以用来制备超疏水超亲油材料,但因其过程复杂、成本高、环境适应性差限制了其在实际生产、生活中应用。 本文以玉米秸秆为原料,经TiO₂ 溶胶浸涂并经辛基三甲氧基硅烷修饰后显示出超疏水和超亲油,水滴、油滴在其表面的接触角分别为160°和0°。 研究结果显示,玉米秸秆粉表面的超疏水性源于其表面微纳米复合阶层结构及低表面能化学组成的协同作用。 利用玉米秸秆粉表面的憎水性和亲油性,能将其用于水面油污的吸附和分离,具有分离效率高、稳定性好、可循环利用的优点。 相比于其它材料,以玉米秸秆为原料制备超疏水超亲油的油污吸附剂,原料丰富、成本低、过程简单、易降解、可循环利用,有望在生产、生活中得到应用。

Preparation of Superhydrophobic and Superoleophilic Corn Straw Fibers Oil Absorbents and Application to the Removal of Spilled Oil from Water

Materials with both superhydrophobicity and superoleophilicity have attracted considerable attention due to the potential application in the removal of the spilled oil from water. In the past decades, numerous techniques have been adopted to construct superhydrophobic and superoleophilic materials, but it is still a great challenge to obtain this kind of material via a more facile, low cost and environmentally friendly method. Herein, corn straw fibers with superhydrophobicity and superoleophilicity were obtained by dip-coating TiO₂ sol and subsequent surface modification with octyltrimethoxysilane (OTS). The contact angle of water droplets and oil droplets on the as-prepared sample is 160?and 0? respectively. The results indicate that the superhydrophobicity is attributed to the joint effects of natural hierarchical structures with micro/nanometer scale of corn straw fibers and the chemical composition with low surface energy induced by the hydrophobic surface modification. With the characteristics of water repellency and selective oil adsorption, the as-prepared corn straw fibers could be chosen to remove the spilled oil from water with high separation efficiency, stable durability and recyclability. The method presented here is expected to be employed as a technique to prepare oil absorbent with superhydrophobicity and superoleophilicity, which may be used to treat the oily wastewater in practical application with the advantages of low cost, simple method and easy biodegradability as well as stable recyclability.